Title Description

Armagh Public Library Collection

Armagh Public Library was founded in 1771 by Archbishop Richard Robinson, first Baron Rokeby of Armagh. It was later added to by Archbishop Beresford in the 1830s. The nucleus of the collection is Archbishop Robinson's personal library which contains 17th and 18th century books on theology, philosop...

Abercorn Papers

Estate, family and political papers of the Hamilton family, Dukes of Abercorn, of Baronscourt, Co. Tyrone, c 1219-1963. Containing approx. 30,000 documents, the Abercorn papers are amongst one of the most important landed estate collections held by the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland. It co...

Adair Papers

c.650 documents, c.75 photographs and 2 volumes, 1606-1928, deriving from the Adair family of Loughanmore, Donegore, Co. Antrim and from the related families of Clements of Clements Hill, Straid, Co. Antrim, Ellis of Prospect, Carrickfergus, Co. Antrim, and Crymble of Ballygallagh, Ballyclare, Co. A...

Andrews' Papers

Business archive of John Andrews & Co., Ltd, Flax Spinners, Comber, Co.Down, 1863-1987. The collection consists of technical, adminstrative and financial records of the Company dating from its establishment in 1863, including comprehensive series of letter books, 1863-1955 (incomplete), cash books a...

Anglesey Papers

Substantial collection of archival material consisting of approx. 12,700 documents and 50 volumes relating to the Anglesey estate in Counties Louth and Down, c 1660-1858, and the political career of Henry William Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey (1768-1854), Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 1828-29 and 18...

Archdale Manuscripts

One volume of family papers compiled by Lieutenant-Colonel J.B. Archdale, of Castle Archdale, County Fermanagh, comprising one volume of extracts etc relating to the Archdale family, 1537-1909. The earliest reference to the Archdale family relates to Sir Edward Archdale of Norsom, Norfolk, and Maccl...

Belfast Harbour Commissioners Records

Records of the Belfast Harbour Commissioners, 1660-1977. Containing a wide range of documents, volumes, correspondence, maps, plans and drawings etc, the collection comprises the extant business archive of the Belfast Harbour Commissioners, charting the history and development of the Port of Belfast...

Records of Belfast Ropeworks Company Ltd.

Records of the Belfast Ropeworks Company Ltd, 1834-1983. Incorporated in 1876 in response to the enormous expansion of the shipbuilding industry in Belfast, the Belfast Ropeworks Company was an important industrial success for the city of Belfast, becoming at one point, the world’s largest manufactu...

Belmore Papers

Estate, personal and political papers of the Lowry-Corry family of Castle Coole, Co. Fermanagh, Barons, Viscounts and Earls Belmore (fl. 1665-fl. 1950), 1612-1949. Consisting of 36,400 documents and 278 volumes, the collection relates mainly to the acquisition, management and dispersal of the family...

Benn Papers

Personal papers of George Benn (1801-1882), historian of Belfast, and his brother, Edward Benn (1798-1874), antiquarian, philanthropist and founder of 3 Belfast hospitals, 1819-1918. Comprising correspondence, notes, essays and other papers, the collection reflects the lives and interests of these t...

Best Papers

Records of the (Du Bordieu/Dubourdieu) Best family of Aghagallon, Co. Antrim, 1779-1943. Of Huguenot descent, the Best Family were substantial tenant farmers living and working in the parish of Aghagallon, Co. Antrim. Comprising chiefly estate papers, the collection contains title deeds, 1779-1896,...

Brookeborough Papers

Estate, family and political papers of the Brooke Family of Colebrooke, Brookeborough, Co. Fermanagh, baronets and (from 1952) Viscounts Brookeborough, c 1575-c 1975, concerning the development and administration of the family lands in Ulster and the political and/or personal interests and careers o...

Craigavon Papers

Personal papers of James Craig (1871-1940), 1st Viscount Craigavon, statesman and Prime Minister of Northern Ireland, and of his wife, Lady Craigavon (1880-1953), 1884-1940. Comprising some 300 documents, volumes, photographs and newspaper cuttings, the collection provides an interesting insight int...

Craigavon Political Papers

Political correspondence of Sir James Craig, 1st Viscount Craigavon, statesman and first Prime Minister of Northern Ireland (1871-1940), 1907-1953. James Craig trained as a stockbroker in Belfast and fought in the Boer War before he entered politics becoming Unionist MP for East Down in 1906. Althou...

Charlotte Despard Papers

Papers of Charlotte Despard, née French (1844-1939), suffragette, pacifist, Irish republican and socialist, c. 1900-1935. An active, if at times, extreme exponent of the causes she adopted, Charlotte Despard is a significant figure in the history of early 20th century Britain and Ireland, renowned...

Dobbs Papers

c.160 letters, petitions, notebooks, diaries, pamphlets and other documents, c.1568-1917, principally of Arthur Dobbs (1689-1765), governor of North Carolina, 1754-1765, and well-known eighteenth century Irish author and statesman. Dobbs was high sheriff of Antrim in 1720 and in 1727 was returned fo...

Ellis Papers

Collection of papers, 1585-c. 1850, relating mainly to the administration of the See of Derry and to the management of diocesan lands from the Plantation of Ulster onwards, being particularly detailed for the period, c. 1603-c. 1720. Some of the earlier documents exist as late seventeenth century or...

Papers of Professor Charles Ryle Fay

Papers of Professor Charles Ryle Fay (1884-1961), Reader in Economic History at Cambridge University and formerly of the University of Toronto, Ontario. Comprising mainly correspondence, transcripts, research and other working notes, the collection bears witness to Professor Fay’s academic interests...

John Galt's Diary

Personal diary of John Galt (1767-1837), general merchant and missionary, of Coleraine, Co. Londonderry, covering the period 1796 to 1837. His diary is written in five quarto books bound together into one volume, but there is a gap between the years 1803 and 1817. The entries are usually made at int...

Greer Papers

Correspondence of the Greer family of Dungannon, Co. Tyrone, 1717-1896. Operating from New Hamborough in Dungannon, where the family owned a bleach green, the Greers’ were an important and influential linen family in the North of Ireland during the 18th and 19th centuries. Written mainly to the thre...

Groves Collection

c. 20,000 copies of genealogical working papers and abstracts of miscellaneous documents, c.1650-1920, compiled and copied by Tenison E. Groves, a professional genealogist and antiquarian who worked at the Public Record Office of Ireland in Dublin from around 1900 until after the Four Courts Fire of...

John Hewitt Archive

Personal, legal and literary papers etc of the Ulster Poet and Critic, John Hewitt (1907-87), and that of his wife, Roberta (1904-75), 1904-1987. A fairly substantial collection, the archive contains a broad range of material reflecting the life, career and interests of one of Ulster’s most prolific...

Records of Inglis & Co.Ltd.

c.200 volumes and files and c.1,500 documents, 1871-1970, comprising the business records of Inglis & Co. Ltd., bakers, confectioners and flour millers, Eliza St, Belfast, and the subsidiary bakery companies of Bloomfield Bakery Ltd, Belfast (acquired 1933), Patterson Ltd, Belfast (acquired 1936), W...

Records of the Irish Encumbered Estates

Records of the Irish Encumbered Estates, 1849-1858. The Encumbered Estates Acts of 1848 and 1849 allowed the sale of Irish estates which had been mortgaged and whose owners, because of the savage effects of the Great Famine, were unable to meet their obligations. It was intended that English investo...

Johnston of Ballykilbeg Papers

Personal and political papers of William Johnston, M.P. (1829-1902), the prominent Orangeman of Ballykilbeg, Co. Down, and also of several members of his family, 1847- 1902. Born in 1829 and educated at Trinity College Dublin, William Johnston was the eldest son of John Brett Johnston and his wife T...

Records of W.H. Kane & Co.

c.50 volumes, 8 files and c.800 documents comprising the records of W.H. Kane & Co., founders and engineers, Larne, Co. Antrim, 1917-79, relating to their three premises: Larne Foundry, Ballyloran Foundry or Inver Engineering Works, and the Rock Works, Larne. The archive documents in detail the hist...

John Martin Diary and Journal

Diary of the Young Irelander, John Martin (1812-1875) prior to transportation to Van Dieman's Land (Tasmania), Oct-Nov.,1848 and containing a journal of his voyage from Ireland on the convict ship 'Mountstuart Elphinstone' to Australia,1849-1850. Born in Loughorne, near Newry, County Down, John Mart...

McCance Collection

c.150 documents, 1689-1799, comprising the records of the McCance family, and, in particular, of Captain S. McCance of London, presumably for use in his "History of the Royal Muster Fusiliers" (1927). This body of original documents and transcripts has strong military associations relating mostly to...

Midgely Papers

Political and personal papers of the Ulster politician Harry Midgley (1892-1957), Minister of Public Security in the Northern Ireland Parliament, 1943-45, Minister of Labour, 1949, and Minister of Education, 1950-57. The collection includes much material reflecting Midgley’s career in the Northern I...

Pinkerton Papers

Collection of original papers relating to the Pinkerton family, tenant farmers from Seacon More, Co. Antrim, 1795-1921. One section of the collection deals largely with family and estate matters and includes: a 1795 lease 'to John Pinkerton, the elder, Secinmore'; various Pinkerton wills including t...

Plunket Papers.

Estate and personal papers etc of the Plunket Family, Lords Plunket of Cos Cork and Monaghan, 1673-c. 1930. Containing approx. 1150 documents, the Plunket Papers are a significant collection of patents, title deeds, leases, rentals, maps, correspondence, Irish Land Commission sale papers etc concern...

Qua Iboe Mission Records

c.150 volumes, 13 files and c.750 documents comprising the records of the Qua Iboe Mission in Nigeria and Belfast, 1887-1963. In 1887 Samuel Alexander Bill, a 23 year-old Belfast builder, responded to a call from chiefs of the Ibuna tribe in the Qua Iboe region of Southern Nigeria for a Christian te...

Registry of Deeds archive

2,477 microfilm reels comprising the records of the Irish Registry of Deeds,1708-1929. The Irish Registry of Deeds was founded in 1708 in Dublin, and was responsible 'for the Public Registering of all Deeds, Conveyances and Wills, that shall be made of any Honours, Manors, Lands, Tenements or Heredi...

Royal Downshire Militia Records

Records of the Royal Downshire Militia, 1793-1855, comprising a Courts Martial Book, October 1793-September 1796, three correspondence and order books, October 1799-September 1812, and some loose army circulars and memoranda, 1855. The Courts Martial Book contains summaries of the evidence, etc., at...

Savory Papers

Personal and political papers of Professor Sir Douglas Lloyd Savory (1878-1969), c.1900-1969. Professor of French Language and Romance Philology at Queen's University, Belfast, 1909-40 and, later, Unionist MP for Queen's University and Antrim, 1940-55, these papers reflect Savory’s broad range of in...

Sharman Crawford Papers

Estate and political papers of the Crawford, Sharman and Sharman-Crawford families of Co. Down, c.1717-1920. Of particular significance are the papers of William Sharman-Crawford (1781-1861), MP for Dundalk, 1835-1837, and Rochdale, 1841-1852. Consisting of correspondence and memoranda, 1830-61, thi...

Spender Papers

Personal and political papers of Sir Wilfred Spender (1876-1960), Head of the Northern Ireland Civil Service, 1926-1944. Comprising correspondence, memoranda, diaries, press cuttings, and other documents, the Spender Papers are an essential resource in documenting the emergence and development of No...

Talbot/Gregory Papers

Personal and political correspondence of Sir Charles Chetwynd Talbot (1777-1849), second Earl Talbot of Hensol, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, 1817-1821, and William Gregory (1762-1840), Under-Secretary in Dublin Castle, 1812-1831. Talbot, the great-grandson of Charles Talbot, a former Lord Chancello...

Templetown Papers

Estate papers of the Upton Family, Lords Templetown, concerning lands in Templepatrick, Co. Antrim and in Co. Monaghan, 1838-90. Comprising approx. 200 documents and title deeds etc, these papers chart the development and management of the estate in Antrim and Monaghan during the 19th century. Altho...

Tithe Records

The tithe system, which originally earmarked one-tenth of the produce of the land (and subsequently one-tenth of income in cash) for the upkeep of the anglican clergy, was introduced into Ireland under English law. The system was unpopular and regarded as unfair and unjust as the majority of the pop...

Vaughan Charity Records

Records of the Vaughan Charity Charter School, Tubrid, near Kesh, Co. Fermanagh, 1776-1934. Founded under the will of George Vaughan (d. 1763) of Buncrana, Co. Donegal, the Vaughan Charity Charter School first opened in November 1787 with 30 boys; girls were later admitted in 1828. The school was ma...

Waring Manuscripts

Collection of papers relating to the Waring family of Waringstown and Donaghcloney. Co. Down, 1641-1803, and to the linen industry in Ireland from c. 1680 to the mid 18th Century. Comprising mainly letters and accounts, the collection traces the development and management of the Waring family’s esta...

Young Papers

Estate and personal papers of the Young family of Culdaff, Co. Donegal, c.1600-1970. The Young Papers are a rich source containing a substantial amount of original and copy title deeds, leases and testamentary papers (including c.40 pre-1858 wills), 1658-1949, pertaining mainly to the Young family...

Joshua Peel Papers

Records of Joshua E. Peel & Son, Solicitors, Armagh, Co. Armagh, 1611-1938, relating largely to Co. Armagh estates, properties and families including title deeds (up to 1876), testamentary papers (chiefly 19th century), printed rentals, maps and particulars of sale of estates in Counties Armagh, Mon...

Allison Collection

Photographs and business records of the photographic firm, Allison & Co., Armagh, 1889-1953. Trading initially as Allison and Allison, the firm of Allison & Co. was originally established in Belfast in 1881 by a Bradford man, Herbert Thackwray Allison with his brother as partner. They had two off...

J.B. Armour Papers

The records and papers of the Rev. J.B. Armour, Presbyterian Minister and Home Ruler, Ballymoney, Co. Antrim, 1841-1928. Consisting of a range of correspondence, press cuttings and other documents, the Armour Papers comprise an interesting collection bearing on religious, political and educational m...

Cherry Papers

Legal, political and family papers and documents comprising the records of the eminent Irish academic, lawyer and politician, Richard Robert Cherry (1859-1923), Attorney General for Ireland 1905-1909, Lord Justice of Appeal 1909-1914, and Lord Chief Justice of Ireland 1914-1916. He is best known for...

Southwell Charity Papers

Records of the Southwell Charity, later known as the Southwell Charity and Parochial Schools (and also called the Bluecoat Schools), Downpatrick, Co. Down, 1733-1972. The Southwell Charity was founded in 1733 by the Rt Hon. Edward Southwell (1705-1755), MP for the Borough of Downpatrick in the Iris...

Wallace Papers

Papers and correspondence of Colonel Robert Hugh Wallace (1860-1929), head of the firm of Messrs Hugh Wallace and Co., Solicitors, Belfast and Downpatrick. The archive comprises: political correspondence, 1893-1923, with leading Unionists such as Sir Edward Carson, James Craig and Walter H. Long; di...

Whyte Papers

Estate, family and political papers of the Whyte family, Loughbrickland, Co. Down, 1622-1950. This collection is of considerable significance partly because the Whytes are by Irish standards a very old-established family, their ancestors having come to Ireland with Strongbow in 1170, and partly beca...

Wilson and Simms Papers.

Legal papers and accounts, etc, of Wilson and Simms, Solicitors, Strabane, Co. Tyrone, 1645-1964. As the firm acted for a number of local authority bodies in Counties Donegal and Tyrone, there are correspondence and accounts for Strabane Town Commissioners and Strabane Rural District Council, c.1870...

Board of Guardian Records

Papers of the Board of Guardian, 1839-1951, bodies elected by ratepayers to levy a poor rate and manage the administration of relief to the poor after the enactment of the 1838 Poor Law in the 27 Poor Law Unions in Northern Ireland. The collection deals not only with the administration of the workh...

Primate Beresford Papers

Religious, political and family papers of Lord John George de la Poer Beresford (1773-1862), Church of Ireland Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland, 1822-1862. Comprising a range of doumentary material, this collection reflects all areas of concern to Beresford and charts his career and a...

Harland & Wolff Archive

Business Archive of the Belfast shipbuilders, Harland & Wolff, 1861-c 1987. The collection includes extensive runs of administrative, financial, and technical records charting the evolution and development of the Company from its formal establishment in 1862. Remembered principally as the builders o...

Annaghmakerrig Papers

Personal, family and estate papers of the Moorhead family; papers relating to the Power family; and estate papers relating to Annaghmakerrig, Co. Monaghan. The Moorhead family archive includes: papers, 1804-59, relating to the medical career of Professor John Moorhead who bought Annaghmakerrig in 18...

Annesley Papers

Estate, family and political papers of the Annesley Family, Viscounts Glerawly and Earls Annesley, of Castlewellan, Co. Down, 1560-1565, c. 1620-1916. Containing approx. 1500 items, the collection provides important and unique documentation relating to the family, its lands and place in society. ...

Antrim Papers

Estate and personal papers of the MacDonnell family, the Earls of Antrim, comprising the administrative records dating from 1603 of an estate which at one time included the four northern baronies of Co. Antrim. The collection includes: personal papers of the 17th and 18th century Earls; a geneal...

Armagh Diocesan Registry Archive

The Armagh Diocesan Registry Archive comprises documents relating to the Church of Ireland primacy, province and Archdiocese of Armagh, 1240, 1291 and 1360-1977. They include: archbishops' registers, 1360-1543, 1678-1719, and 1878-1943; historical compilations, 1360-1774, which include rent rolls re...

Armstrong of Deans Hill Papers

Biographical, genealogical and official papers and diaries of the Armstrong family of Deans Hill, Armagh, 1823-1960. The family is known for public, military and political appointments and service at home and abroad. The collection includes: a small quantity of estate material comprising rentals...

Armstrong of Lisgoole Papers

Personal, family and estate papers of the Armstrong family of Lisgoole, Co. Fermanagh. The papers relate primarily to the careers of members of the family who served in the British Army and contain correspondence and papers of outstanding interest. Of particular note are the letters, memoranda and p...

Blake Papers

Papers of Robert F. Blake (1867-1944), scientific researcher (chemistry) and analyst. Born in York in 1867, Blake first came to Northern Ireland in 1887 to work as a chemistry demonstrator at Queen's College Belfast. He went on to become a teacher of chemistry at Belfast Royal Academy and Methodist ...

Brownlow Papers

With some exceptions, these papers can be described as an estate archive, documenting the history and management of the Brownlow estate from the arrival in Ireland from Nottingham of John Brownlow in 1610 to the sale of the property in 1893. The estate consisted of land in the manors of Brownlowsder...

Cahir Healy Papers

Political, literary and personal papers of Nationalist politician, Cahir Healy (1877-1970), Westminster MP for Fermanagh and Tyrone, 1922-1924, 1931-1935, for Fermanagh and South Tyrone, 1950-1955, and Stormont MP for Fermanagh and Tyrone, 1925-1929, and South Fermanagh, 1929-1965. The collectio...

Caledon Papers

The Caledon Papers are divided into three categories: the Caledon East India Company Papers; the Caledon Cape Papers; and the Caledon Estate Papers. The Indian papers consist of 33 volumes of copy out-letter books, 1760-1772, ledgers, journals and cash account books, 1759-1775, and c.40 loose le...

Carson Papers

The Carson papers comprise c. 3,000 documents, 1861-1947, mainly deriving from Irish Unionist, Sir Edward Carson (1854-1935), Lord Carson of Duncairn. A learned and reputable politician and barrister rising to First Lord of the Admiralty in 1917 and Lord of Appeal from 1921-29, Edward Carson led the...

Castlereagh Papers

Personal, family and political papers, 1798-1822 (including some earlier and some later documents), of Robert Stewart (1769-1822), Viscount Castlereagh, later 2nd Marquess of Londonderry. Elected first to the Irish Parliament in 1790 to represent Co Down and subsequently in the English Parliament fr...

Coopershill Papers

Estate and family papers of the Cooper and O'Hara Family of Coopershill, Collooney, Co. Sligo, c. 1676-1974. The collection includes a range of family and estate papers documenting the development of family lands and the careers and/or interests of principal family members. Papers concerning the...

Dufferin Papers

Estate, family and political papers of the Blackwood family of Clandeboye, Bangor, Co. Down, Lords Dufferin and Marquesses of Dufferin and Ava. The collection focuses mainly on the records of Frederick Temple Hamilton-Temple Blackwood, 5th Baron Dufferin and 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava (1826-19...

Records of Eason & Son Ltd, Belfast

Records of Eason & Son Ltd, Belfast, wholesale and retail newsagents, stationers and booksellers, 1825-1977, relating largely to the Belfast operations of the firm. The collection comprises: articles of association, 1924; minute books, 1924-1956; ledgers, 1870-1961; journals, 1920-1956; cash boo...

Emerson Tennent Papers

Political, literary and personal correspondence of Sir James Emerson Tennent, 1st Bt (1804-69), of Belfast and Tempo Manor, Co. Fermanagh, MP for Belfast, 1832-45, promoter of the Copyright & Designs Act, 1842, Joint Secretary of the Board of Control of India, 1841-5, Colonial Secretary in Ceylon, 1...

Falls & Hanna Papers

Legal and business records of Falls & Hanna, solicitors, Enniskillen, Co. Fermanagh, 1613-1950. A huge collection of some 50,000 documents, the Falls & Hanna Papers are a significant resource for the Fermanagh area containing material of relevance to its major families, businesses and local politics...

Hamilton Deeds

Collection of deeds, 1639-1841, rich in both historical content and geographical variety and relating, in part, to the Hamilton Family of Hamilton's Bawn, Armagh, and their local area. The subject matter of the collection is, however, very varied, and reference will be found to various parts of Irel...

Hume Papers

Personal papers of the Hume family of New South Wales, Australia, Liverpool and Castlerock, Co. Antrim. Comprising correspondence, accounts, notebooks and other papers, the collection documents the activities, interests and history of successive generations of the family from the late 17th century o...

Records of the Lagan Navigation and Associated Companies

Records of the Lagan Navigation and associated companies, 1783-1954. Comprising papers relating to the Lagan Navigation, the Ulster Canal, the Tyrone Navigation or Coleraine Canal and the Upper Bann Navigation, these records provide a valuable insight into the development of the inland waterway syst...

Montgomery Family Papers

Estate and personal papers of the Montgomery family of Blessingbourne, Fivemiletown, Co. Tyrone, c.1650-1924, and, in particular, those of Hugh de Fellenberg Montgomery (1844-1924), a senator of the Northern Ireland Parliament from 1922-24. The estate papers relate to lands in Counties Tyrone and...

Montgomery Hyde Papers

Personal, literary and political papers of the barrister, historian and Unionist politician, Harford Montgomery Hyde (1907-1989), comprising correspondence, photographs, postcards, scrapbooks, press cuttings, typescript and manuscript notes, genealogical papers, articles, etc., 1795-1991. Reflect...

Mulvey Papers

Political and personal papers of Anthony J. Mulvey MP (1882-1957), Nationalist MP for Fermanagh-Tyrone, 1935-50 and Mid-Tyrone, 1950-51. Dating from 1941 to 1955 this collection is particularly comprehensive for the period between 1945 and 1947 and contains mainly material of relevance to Mulvey’s p...

Pilson Manuscripts

Seven manuscript volumes and one typescript copy of a volume, 1775-1863, comprising the records of Mr. Aynsworth Pilson of Downpatrick. One of the volumes is merely an account book recording transactions, 1826-62, and another is entitled ''Memoirs of notable inhabitants of Downpatrick''. It provides...

Schomberg MacDonnell Papers

This archive incorporates the papers of the Hon. Sir Schomberg MacDonnell, Louisa Countess of Antrim, Sir John Stuart and the Stuart family of Dalness, Argyllshire. It brings together a range of interesting and important personalities from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and provid...

Seven Years' War Diary.

Diary, July-September, 1760, with enclosed copy correspondence, July-August, 1759, relating to the British campaign in Canada during the Seven Years' War. The writer of the diary was probably an officer on the staff of Brigadier General James Murray, and, as he appears to have had an intimate knowle...

Tighe Papers

Personal, family and estate papers, 1721-1903, of the Tighe family of Woodstock, Inistiogue, Co. Kilkenny and of Rossana, Ashford, Co. Wicklow. A prominent and long-established family in the area dating back to the 17th century, the collection includes many interesting papers reflecting the personal...

Tipping Papers

Personal, political and financial papers of the Tipping family of Bellurgan Park, Ballymascanlan, Co Louth, and their estates in Counties Louth, Armagh, Down and Westmeath. The collection includes many wills, probates and letters of administration of the Tipping and other families, but the bulk ...

Ulster Gift Fund Papers

Records of the Ulster Gift Fund, 1938-1947. Formed in September 1939, the Ulster Gift Fund was established by the women of Ulster in an attempt to help ease the suffering of local men engaged in the Second World War. Providing clothing and bandages to military hospitals and woollen comforts to servi...

Ulster Women's Unionist Council Papers

Records of the Ulster Women's Unionist Council and its various branches and associations, 1892-1975. Officially established on 23 January 1911, the formation of the Ulster Women's Unionist Council was a significant event in the history of women's political activism in Ireland. Initiated as the f...

Wilkinson Papers

Official and private correspondence etc of Sir Hiram Shaw Wilkinson (1840-1936), leading judge and diplomat. Born in 1840, son of John Wilkinson of Belfast and Annabella Shaw of Waringstown, Co. Down, Wilkinson led a distinguished legal and diplomatic career in the Far East during the late 19th and ...

Young & Mackenzie Papers

Business records and other papers of Young & Mackenzie, Architects, Donegall Square West, Belfast, 1825-1937. Established in 1854, the firm of Young & Mackenzie was originally set up in Belfast by the Rt Hon. Robert Young (1822-1917), who had previously articled with the renowned architect, Charles ...

Castle Stewart Papers

The archive relates to the Co. Tyrone estates of the Earls Castle Stewart, their genealogy and peerage claims, the building and re-building of their houses mainly at Stuart Hall, Stewartstown, Forward, Coalisland, Orritor, Dungannon and Castlegore, Castlederg (and the plans of Drum Manor, Cookstown,...

De Ros Papers

Papers concerning the Barony of De Ros relating principally to Thomas Coningsby, Earl Coningsby (1655-1729), a de Ross ancestor, and the family and descendants of Lord Henry Fitzgerald (1761-1829), and his wife, Charlotte Boyle (1769-1831), 21st Baroness de Ros. The papers comprise c. 1,100 original...

Downshire Papers

Family, political and general correspondence, 1707-1868, and estate correspondence, legal and financial records, 1523-c.1953, relating to all the Irish estates and some of the English estates of the Downshire family which were managed from the Irish seat and estate office at Hillsborough Castle, Co....

Drapers' Company Co. Londonderry Estate Archive

Estate papers of the Drapers’ Company, one of the London Companies invited by James I to enter into his scheme for the Plantation of Ulster in 1610. This collection provides detailed coverage of the history of the Drapers' Company in Ulster and their settlement in Co. Londonderry, from the early 160...

Enniskillen Papers

The Enniskillen Papers, 1611-1997, derive from the Cole family of Florence Court, Enniskillen, Co. Fermanagh, Barons Mount Florence (from 1760), Viscounts Enniskillen (from 1776) and Earls of Enniskillen (from 1789), in the peerage of Ireland, and Barons Grinstead (a corruption of Grimstead) in the ...

Erne Papers

The Erne papers comprise material, 1611-1981, relating to the family and personal affairs of the Creighton family of Crom Castle, Newtownbutler, Co. Fermanagh, Earls Erne, most of which relate to the administration of their various estates: at Crom, Callowhill, Derrylin, Killynick, Lisnaskea, Knockb...

Gosford Papers

The Gosford Papers relate mainly to the estates (in Counties Armagh and Cavan) and financial affairs of the Acheson family of Markethill, Co. Armagh, successively baronets of Nova Scotia (1628), Barons, Viscounts and Earls of Gosford in the peerage of Ireland (1776, 1785 and 1806 respectively) and B...

Graham Papers

Dr James Graham, his three sons, William Stuart Graham, James Graham and Thomas Chadwick Graham, and his nephew Col. James Graham, of the Graham family of Lisnastrain, near Lisburn, saw military and medical service in India 1819-1879. As typical representatives of Anglo-Indian society during its gre...

Hart Papers

Estate, family and military papers of the Hart family of Ballynagard, Londonderry, 1607-1987. The Hart family have lived on the Londonderry/Donegal border since the late sixteenth century. The great bulk of the documentation in the collection - apart from the estate material - relates to comparative...

Hervey/Bruce Papers

The Hervey/Bruce papers comprise original and copied documents, ca. 1750-1950 relating mainly to Frederick Augustus Hervey 1730-1803), 4th Earl of Bristol and Bishop of Derry, 1768-1803, known as the Earl-Bishop, and to his cousins and successors in his Co. Londonderry estate, the Bruce family, Bar...

Hill of Brook Hall, Londonderry, Papers

Papers of the Hill Family of Brook Hall (Baronets) Londonderry, and related families of Rowley of Culmore, Co. Londonderry, Beresford of Coleraine and Walworth, Co. Londonderry, and Curraghmore, Co. Waterford, Spence of Strabane, Co. Tyrone, and Rea of St Columb's, Londonderry city, into which the H...

Ker Papers

Family papers and correspondence of the Ker family of Portavoe, Co. Down, merchants and landowners, c. 1720-c. 1850, charting the emergence and development of the family from the early 18th century onwards. Descended from David Kerr, a merchant of Ballymena, Co. Antrim, the family fortunes were ...

King-Harman Papers

Papers, 1702, 1727, 1741-1959 and 1996-1997, relating to the King (Earls of Kingston), Harman and King-Harman families of King House, Dun Laoghaire, Rockingham, Boyle, Co. Roscommon, Mitchelstown Castle, Co. Cork, and (in the case of the Harman family) Newcastle, Ballymahon, Co. Longford, and to est...

Lady Spender's Diaries and Correspondence

Diaries of Lady Lillian Spender (b. 1880) covering the years 1899-1966, recording social events and daily occurrences, people, social functions, dogs, music, houses and in particular great gardens, and were written primarily for circulation within her family. Her husband, Sir Wilfred, was administra...

Leinster Papers

Papers deriving from the Fitzgerald family of Maynooth Castle and Carton, Co. Kildare, Earls of Kildare and Dukes of Leinster, 1250-1949, and relating to the province of Leinster in general and to Co. Kildare in particular, with some material concerning the family's Co. Down estate which at one time...

Lenox-Conyngham Papers

Papers, 1630-1953, relating to the Lenox family of Londonderry City, the Conyngham, later Lenox-Conyngham, family of Springhill, Moneymore, Co. Londonderry, the Butle family of Belfast and elsewhere in Co. Antrim (a merchant family whose heir inherited Springhill in 1721 and changed his name to Cony...

Lissadell Papers

Papers of the Gore-Booth Family of Lissadell, Co. Sligo, Salford and Manchester, c.1628/c.1993. The Gore-Booths descend from a late Elizabethan soldier of fortune, Sir Paul Gore, who was granted substantial estates in the north-west and was created a baronet in 1622. In 1789, Sir Booth Gore, 2nd Bt,...

Londonderry Estate Office Archive

Papers of the Londonderry Estate Office, Newtownards, Co. Down, 1629-1940. Relating to lands held by the Marquesses of Londonderry in Counties Donegal, Down and Londonderry, this collection comprises a comprehensive range of extant estate papers, correspondence and other papers pertaining to the adm...

7th Marquess of Londonderry Papers

Political and personal papers of Charles S.H. Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 7th Marquess of Londonderry (1878-1949) and of his wife Edith Helen, 1880-1950. The Londonderry Family were among the most influential political families in Britain from the 18th century onwards. The 7th Marquess carried on this...

Theresa, Lady Londonderry Papers

Diaries, scrapbooks, letters etc, 1772-1921, mainly of Theresa, Marchioness of Londonderry (1856-1919), wife of the 6th Marquess, but including some papers of the 6th Marquess himself, 1878-1921, of and about his mother, Mary Cornelia, widow of the 5th Marquess, c. 1866-1906, and of his brothers Lor...

Murray of Broughton Papers

Papers of the Murray family of Broughton, Wigtownshire, and Cally, Gatehouse-of-Fleet, Kircudbright, c. 1625-1918. Receiving a Plantation grant of land in 1610, the Murray family were important landowners in south-west Donegal holding in excess of 40,000 acres by the late 18th century. As such, thei...

Mussenden Papers

Papers of the Mussenden family of Belfast and later of Larchfield, Annahilt, Co. Down whose origins are uncertain but who were active in business from the early 18th century. Daniel Mussenden (d. 1763), some time member of the Belfast Corporation, was one of Belfast's principal merchants from 1720, ...

Nugent of Farren Connell Papers

The archive of the Nugent family of Farren Connell, Co. Cavan, comprises a fairly complete record of this major Ulster family, their estates in Cos Cavan and Westmeath, and their careers, mainly in the army between the 15th and 20th Centuries, and principally that of General Major Sir Oliver Nugent ...

Redhall Papers

The Redhall Papers (from Redhall, Ballycarry, Co. Antrim) consist of 21 volumes of a diary kept by Henry McClintock, Collector of the Revenue at Dundalk, over the period 1805-1843 (with a continuation by his widow up to 1848); and bundles of loose letters and papers of members of the Torrens family,...

Salters' Company Co. Londonderry Estate Archive

Estate papers of the Salters’ Company, one of the London Companies invited by James I to enter into his scheme for the Plantation of Ulster in 1610. This collection provides detailed coverage of the history of the Salters' Company’s Irish estate, the Manor of Sal, from 1610 to 1964. The collecti...

Stewart of Tyrcallen Papers

Papers of the Tyrcallen branch of the Stewarts of Killymoon, Cookstown, Co. Tyrone: in particular, those of Henry Stewart (1743-1840) of Tyrcallen, Stranorlar, Co. Donegal, younger brother of James Stewart (1741-1821) of Killymoon, MP for Co. Tyrone, 1768-1812. Henry Stewart was a land agent who...

Ulster Unionist Council Archive

Papers of the Ulster Unionist Council, 1886-1986. Formally established in 1905, the Ulster Unionist Council was set up to advance and defend the interests of Ulster Unionists. Since 1905, the Council has played a leading role in representing the Unionist population of Ulster, directing the policy of...

Weir Papers

Papers of the Weir family of Stewartstown, Co. Tyrone, 1746-1854, including an exceptionally good group of emigrant letters sent to members of the Weir family in Stewartstown from relations and friends in and around Philadelphia, New York and Alabama in North America, May 1771-January 1854. In some ...

Wynne Papers

Estate, political and military papers of the Wynne family of Hazelwood, Co. Sligo and Lurganboy, Co. Leitrim, 1612-1910. The archive charts the lineage of the family from the arrival in Ireland of Owen Wynne I (d. 1670) in 1658 from Bala in Merionethshire, Wales, to its extinction in 1910. Prosperou...

Belfast Special Constables Papers.

Two volumes containing the reports of the Special Constables appointed in 1812 to patrol the streets of Belfast at night. The earlier volume, which is dealt with by George Benn in his 'History of Belfast' (pp. 504-6), covers the period 12 May to 27 November 1812, and 19 February to 15 May 1816; the ...

Foster/Massereene Papers

The Foster/Massereene papers comprise over 26,000 documents and volumes, 1590-1935, deriving from the Clotworthy and Skeffington families, Viscounts Massereene, and the Foster family, Viscounts Ferrard of Collon, Co. Louth. The papers relate to the family estates, mainly in Counties Antrim and Louth...

Antrim Presbytery Papers

Antrim Presbytery Papers...

Government Publications

Various Northern Ireland government publications, including Northern Ireland Parliamentary papers, Northern Ireland Assembly papers, Northern Ireland Departmental publications and Non-Departmental publications (1889-present)

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Somerville & Ross Manuscript Collection

Significant collection of personal and literary papers of Edith Somerville (1858-1949) and Violet Martin (1862-1915) alias “Somerville and Ross,” one of Ireland's most celebrated literary partnerships. An important and unique collection reflecting the lives, interests and work of the two authors, th...

Queen's University Belfast Archive

Institutional archive of Queen's University Belfast.

The collection comprises official documents, minutes, correspondence, reports and other papers and photographs pertaining to the history and development of the University from its foundation in 1845 as Queen's College Belfast through t...

18th Century Books and Pamphlets

General collection of 18th century books and pamphlets. The collection relates to a wide variety of subject areas representative of the interests and pre-occupations of writers of this period and the collecting concerns of QUB library. History, politics, religion, language and literature are all wel...

Foster Pamphlet Collection

Collection of 18th century pamphlets, magazines and reports etc compiled by John Foster, Baron Oriel (1740-1828), last Speaker of the Irish House of Commons. An important and unique assemblage of materials, the collection was compiled by Foster during his years of high political office in both the I...

Hibernica Collection

The Hibernica Collection, or Henry Collection as it was previously known, is a substantial collection of monographs, periodicals and pamphlets of general Irish interest and/or origin, being strongest in history and literature, and also including works of Scottish Gaelic, Welsh and Breton. Officially...

Simms Collection (Irish)

Significant collection of early monographs, pamphlets, bound letters etc pertaining to Ireland by foreign authors and/or by Irishmen printed abroad. Dating mainly from before 1701, the Simms collection contains many rare and important items that have been gathered together by a local book collector ...

Henry Manuscript Collection

Collection of correspondence, working notes and papers of Robert Mitchell Henry (1873-1950), Professor of Latin at Queen’s University Belfast (1907-38) and later Professor of Humanities at the University of St. Andrews, Edinburgh (1939-47) and honorary chair of Classical Literature at Trinity Colleg...

Special Collections & Archives

Established in 1849, the Library of Queen's University Belfast comprises one of the largest collections of books, periodicals and pamphlets held in Northern Ireland. One of the Library's great strengths lies in its department of Special Collections & Archives, containing approximately 100,000 volume...

Simms Medical Collection

Distinguished library of early medical works and medical history belonging to Dr Samuel Simms (d. 1967) of Belfast. Once described as one of the most selective and extensive of collections in private hands, the Simms Medical collection is an outstanding assemblage of works concerning the practice of...

Hart Manuscript Collection

Substantial collection of personal and official papers of Sir Robert Hart (1835-1911), Inspector General of the Imperial Customs, Peking, 1863-1908. The collection contains a range of interesting and insightful material relating to Hart’s official duties and experiences in Peking during his long car...

Wright Manuscript Collection

Papers and books of Dr. Stanley Fowler Wright (1873-1953), Commissioner of Customs and Personal Secretary to the Inspector General, the Chinese Maritime Customs. In addition to manuscripts, there are books in Chinese, books and pamphlets on China and on the Chinese Customs, many official printed pap...

19th and 20th Century Books

General collection of valuable, limited, fine or rare material from the 19th and 20th centuries. The collection relates to a disparate range of subject areas with items selected for their evidential and/or bibliographic value. Included can be found modern reproductions of some of the world’s most tr...

Piry Manuscript Collection

Collection of private papers of Théophile Piry (fl. 1880-1915), Commissioner of Customs and first Postmaster General of the Imperial Postal Service, China, 1911-1915. This collection contains a range of material bearing on Piry’s later career in the Chinese administration including drafts, notes, co...

Waddell Manuscript Collection

Papers of the Ulster writer and scholar, Helen Waddell (1889-1965). The collection consists of notes, translations, holograph and typescript manuscripts of published and unpublished works by Waddell, c.1909-47, and an extensive series of correspondence with the critic and historian George Saintsbury...

Otto Kyllmann Papers

Collection of 133 manuscript and typescript letters from 34 correspondents to Otto Kyllmann (d. 1958), senior partner of the publishing firm, Constable & Co., with typescript copies of 16 of his letters to various correspondents, and one note in his hand; the whole collection spanning the period 190...

Bullock Manuscript Collection

Papers of the Irish writer, Shan F. Bullock (1865-1935). The collection consists of holograph and typescript manuscripts of both published and unpublished works by Bullock featuring examples of his poetry, fictional writing and dramatic works. The collection also includes items of personal interest ...

Library of Adam Smith

Relatively small, general collection of monographs etc from the surviving personal library of the 18th century philosopher and economic theorist, Adam Smith (1723-90). The majority of titles relate principally to Greek and Latin classics and date mostly from the 18th century. The collection does, ho...

Early Economics Collection

Collection of works of early economic theory and philosophy dating from the 17th to the late 19th centuries. A relatively small assemblage of some 234 items, the collection includes a comprehensive range of material by many of the major economists of the period covered, in particular for the late 18...

Thomson Manuscript Collection

Collection of scientific papers and notebooks, memoranda, lectures, correspondence etc of James Thomson (1822-1892), Professor of Engineering at Queen’s College, Belfast, 1857-1873. Various topics are highlighted in the collection reflecting Professor Thomson’s wide range of research interests. Thes...

Ross-Rosenzweig Collection

Collection of monographs, periodicals and facsimilies, etc., on or relating to a variety of Hebrew and Jewish subjects and studies. Included are Hebrew texts relating to the interpretation, analysis and commentary on the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Qumran community, alongside works of Hebrew literature...

Herbert Moore Pim Collection

Papers of the Belfast born author and poet, Herbert Moore Pim (1883-?). A relatively small batch of materials, this collection consists mainly of literary manuscripts concerning a number of published and unpublished works by Pim, including typewritten drafts of the novel, ‘The Pessimist’, 1904-10 (p...

Thomas Percy Library

The almost intact 18th century library of the author and antiquarian, Thomas Percy (1729-1811), Bishop of Dromore, Co. Down. Described at one time as the finest library in private hands in Ireland, the collection contains monographs, bound volumes of pamphlets and some manuscripts relating principal...

O'Shauhnessy Manuscript Collection

Collection of literary manuscripts of the Victorian poet, Arthur O’Shaughnessy (1844-81) comprising chiefly of some 21 annotated notebooks of poems, prose and verse composed by him, c 1860-70, and appearing in his published works, ‘An Epic of Women’ (1870), ‘Lays of France’ (1872), ‘Music and Moonli...

O'Rahilly Manuscript Collection

Collection of Irish manuscripts and printed books annotated by the distinguished Celtic Scholar, T.F. O’Rahilly (1883-1953). A relatively small assemblage of material, the books are extensively annotated by O'Rahilly and include a range of titles on Irish dialect, grammar and Irish Literature, datin...

Newport Manuscript Collection

Collection of letters and other papers relating to the public and private affairs of Sir John Newport (1756-1843), Irish Politician and Chancellor of the Irish Exchequer, banker and landowner. The bulk of the collection consists of some 250 letters, c 1765-c 1862, addressed to, and received from, so...

Gibson-Massie Moore Collection

Special collection of books etc, by, or relating to, the Irish poet, satirist, composer, and musician, Thomas Moore (1779-1852). Born in Dublin to Roman Catholic parents in 1779, Thomas Moore went on to become one of Ireland's most popular writers, regarded at the time, as Ireland's national lyricis...

Robert Shipboy MacAdam Manuscript

Extant manuscript for an English-Irish Dictionary of Ulster Irish compiled for and in association with the Belfast born industrialist and Gaelic Scholar, Robert Shipboy MacAdam (1808-95). The manuscript consists of some 23 folios arranged alphabetically and containing the completed results of MacAda...

MacDouall Papers

Collection of holograph papers and working notes of Professor Charles MacDouall (1813-83), Professor of Latin and subsequently of Greek at Queen’s College, Belfast, (1849-78). The collection consists of finished essays, reference aids, lectures, emendations and miscellaneous notes prepared and used ...

MacDouall Collection

Collection of general literature, Sanskrit and comparative philology from the personal library of Charles MacDouall (1818-1883), first Professor of Latin at Queen's College, Belfast (1849-50) and second Professor of Greek (1850-78). The collection includes material relating to Classical, Eastern and...

Harty Manuscript Collection

Collection of holograph manuscripts of the composer and conductor, Sir Hamilton Harty (1879-1941) featuring full and part scores to a range of orchestral and choral pieces composed or arranged by Harty, c 1900-1939. Included in the collection are arrangements of Handel and Berlioz, whose performance...

Ferguson Manuscript Collection

Collection of research materials collected by Godfrey W. Ferguson (d. c 1939/40) of Belfast, President of the Belfast Literary Society (1922-23, 1934-35), concerning Anne Isabella Milbanke, Lady Byron (1792-1860), wife of the Romantic Poet, Lord George Gordon Byron (1788-1824), and, in particular, t...

Early Printed Books (Pre-1701)

Collection of 16th and 17th century books and pamphlets, including facsimilies. An extensive collection of early works, it contains in excess of 3,700 items, including 20 incunabula (i.e. printed before 1500), 267 STC and 1,430 Wing items, relating to a wide range of subject areas reflecting the int...

William Allingham Collection

Collection of 44 original manuscript letters from the Irish poet, William Allingham (1824-89), to Henry Septimus Sutton (1825-1901). An important collection of letters from one poet to another, the letters provide a unique insight and commentary on the emergence of Allingham as a published author fr...

Bunting Manuscript Collection

Major collection of Irish musical manuscripts, notebooks and correspondence etc concerning the work of the Irish Music Collector and Musician, Edward Bunting (1773-1843) arising out of the Belfast Harpers Festival of 1792 and published in ‘A General Collection of Ancient Irish Music’ in 1796 (revise...

Andrews Manuscript Collection

This collection consists of a selection of scientific papers and correspondence by and addressed to Chemist and Physicist, Thomas Andrews (1813-85), chiefly written in his own hand or copied by his daughters, Elizabeth Andrews and Mary K. Andrews, and forming part of the documents used in the prepar...

Charles Manuscript Collection

Small collection of papers and photographic material presented to the University Library by the Biblical Scholar, R.H. Charles, Archdeacon of Westminster (1855-1931) consisting mainly of photographs (positive and negative) of original Aramaic, Greek and Ethiopic biblical manuscripts dating from the ...

Carnduff Manuscript Collection

Personal, literary and collected papers of and/or relating to Thomas Carnduff (1886-1956), the Belfast essayist, playwright and poet. An important figure in cultural circles during the early 20th century, Thomas Carnduff, the so-called 'Shipyard Poet,' was a profilic writer and acute observer of Bel...

Brett Manuscript Collection

Small collection of miscellaneous papers and documents deposited by the Belfast solicitor, Sir Charles Brett (1839-1926). The collection consists of a variety of material, mainly of antiquarian interest, including books, extracts, manuscripts, and other documents relating principally to early Englis...

Antrim Presbytery Library

Collection of theological, philosophical and literary works ranging from the 16th to 18th Centuries, maintained and accumulated by the Presbyterian congregations in Belfast and Antrim, 1765-1873, for the purposes of local intellectuals and Presbyterian ministers. In addition to items on theology, ph...

Music Collection

The music collection at Queen’s University Belfast is an open access collection which is primarily focused towards the needs of students and academic staff. The collection is located at The McClay Library at Queen’s and consists of over 15,000 books on music and printed editions of music (dating fro...

Stephen Gilbert Collection

The Gilbert Collection comprises draft autograph and typescript manuscripts of novels and short stories, proof copies and quires, correspondence, notes, synopses, draft speeches, draft poems, juvenilia, school reports, photographs, scrapbooks, and postcards. The correspondence includes letters wr...

Official Publications Collection

The official publications collection at Queen's University includes Parliamentary Papers held from the beginning of the 19th Century onwards, a Northern Ireland Official Publications Archive and a European Documentation Centre archive of EU materials.

Official publications are also h...

Comintern Papers (Irish Labour Movement Papers)

This collection comprises copies of files held in the Russian Archive for Social and Political History (RGASPI), Moscow. The files pertain to the Irish labour movement and the history of Communism in Ireland, comprising documents from the departments and standing committees of the Executive Commi...

Music Collections of the Royal Irish Academy of Music

The general music materials are focused on supporting academic requirements of students and staff of the Academy. These include books and periodicals on music, reference works and bibliographies, including online databases. Printed music comprises performing editions, full and study scores, and a su...

Antient Concerts Society Collection

Choral part-sets, orchestral sets and partbooks in both printed and MS form belonging to the Sons of Handel (1810 - ) and its successor, the Antient Concerts Society (1834 – 1863), both amateur choral societies based in Dublin. ...

Anacreontic Society Collection

Orchestral sets and partbooks in both printed and MS form belonging to the Anacreontic Society (c. 1740 – 1865), an amateur orchestral society based in Dublin. ...

Hudleston Collection

A collection of music mostly for solo guitar, guitar with voice and guitar with ensemble. Collected by Josiah Andrew Hudelston, mainly while working in Madras, (1817 – 1856), but also when he settled in Ireland....

Government Publications

Laws and statutes from the UK and Northern Ireland and a range of official publications.

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Government Publications

Laws and statutes from the UK and Northern Ireland and a range of official publications.

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Youth Link: NI



Youth Link: NI is the inter-church youth service for Northern Ireland. It was established in 1991 by ...

Kilkenny County Library Services

Scores: a collection of scores consisting mainly of classical works
Reference Collection: A collection of materials of local interest including programmes and posters from Arts Week, Kilkenny Musical Society and St. Mary's Choral Society.
Books: a broad selection of titles ...

Reference Collection

The Reference Library holds books and periodicals relating to the Chester Beatty Library collections....

Rare book collection

Formerly the private library of Sir Alfred Chester Beatty (1875-1968)...